Maryland has recorded 409 tornadoes between 1950 and 2024 in NOAA’s Storm Prediction Center database, with 9 fatalities and 326 injuries across that span. The strongest tornadoes recorded in Maryland reached EF4, with 7 tornadoes rated EF3 or stronger. Use the interactive map below to explore every recorded Maryland tornado track by year, click any path for date and damage details, and switch to the all-years view to see the full historical footprint.
Maryland Tornado Activity at a Glance
- Total tornadoes (1950–2024): 409
- Total fatalities: 9
- Total injuries: 326
- Strongest rating recorded: EF4 / F4
- EF3+ significant tornadoes: 7
- Longest tornado track: 38 mi
- Widest tornado path: 880 yd (0.5 mi)
- Most active month: July (83 tornadoes, 20% of total)
- Busiest year: 2011 (27 tornadoes)
- Deadliest year: 2002 (3 fatalities)
- Most active decade: 1990s (112 tornadoes)
EF / F Scale Rating Distribution
How Maryland tornadoes break down by intensity rating. Most tornadoes nationwide rate EF0 or EF1; the rare EF3+ events account for the bulk of fatalities and damage.
| EF / F Rating | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Unrated | 1 | 0.2% |
| EF0 / F0 | 185 | 45.2% |
| EF1 / F1 | 184 | 45% |
| EF2 / F2 | 32 | 7.8% |
| EF3 / F3 | 6 | 1.5% |
| EF4 / F4 | 1 | 0.2% |
Maryland Tornadoes by Decade
Decade-by-decade tornado counts in Maryland. Apparent increases over time partly reflect improved detection (especially after Doppler radar deployment in the 1990s) rather than purely natural change in tornado frequency.
| Decade | Tornadoes |
|---|---|
| 1950s | 12 |
| 1960s | 22 |
| 1970s | 43 |
| 1980s | 13 |
| 1990s | 112 |
| 2000s | 81 |
| 2010s | 78 |
| 2020s | 48 |
When Maryland Tornadoes Strike
Tornado counts by calendar month. Maryland’s peak season runs through July (which alone accounts for 20% of all recorded tornadoes), driven by the seasonal collision of warm Gulf moisture and cooler continental air masses.
| Month | Tornadoes | Share |
|---|---|---|
| January | 3 | 0.7% |
| February | 9 | 2.2% |
| March | 8 | 2% |
| April | 43 | 10.5% |
| May | 59 | 14.4% |
| June | 78 | 19.1% |
| July | 83 | 20.3% |
| August | 46 | 11.2% |
| September | 36 | 8.8% |
| October | 21 | 5.1% |
| November | 22 | 5.4% |
| December | 1 | 0.2% |
Deadliest Maryland Tornadoes Since 1950
The most fatal Maryland tornadoes recorded by NOAA, ranked by deaths. Click any track on the interactive map above to see this same data for any tornado.
| Date | Rating | Fatalities | Injuries | Path Length | Path Width |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002-04-28 | EF4 / F4 | 3 | 122 | 38 mi | 650 yd |
| 2001-09-24 | EF3 / F3 | 2 | 55 | 17.5 mi | 200 yd |
| 2018-11-02 | EF1 / F1 | 2 | 1 | 2.7 mi | 150 yd |
| 1984-05-08 | EF1 / F1 | 1 | 14 | 18 mi | 150 yd |
| 1967-05-19 | EF3 / F3 | 1 | 0 | 0.3 mi | 33 yd |
Longest Maryland Tornado Tracks on Record
The longest continuous tornado paths recorded in Maryland since 1950, by miles traveled along the ground from touchdown to liftoff.
| Date | Path Length | Rating | Fatalities | Injuries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002-04-28 | 38 mi | EF4 / F4 | 3 | 122 |
| 2014-02-21 | 23.6 mi | EF0 / F0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2013-06-13 | 20.1 mi | EF0 / F0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1984-05-08 | 18 mi | EF1 / F1 | 0 | 10 |
| 1984-05-08 | 18 mi | EF1 / F1 | 1 | 14 |
Widest Maryland Tornado Paths on Record
The widest tornado damage paths recorded in Maryland, measured in yards across at the point of greatest width. The widest US tornado on record (the 2013 El Reno, Oklahoma EF3) reached 4,576 yards.
| Date | Path Width | Rating | Path Length | Fatalities |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1954-07-14 | 880 yd (0.5 mi) | EF1 / F1 | 12 mi | 0 |
| 2015-06-27 | 800 yd (0.45 mi) | EF1 / F1 | 16.1 mi | 0 |
| 2002-04-28 | 650 yd (0.37 mi) | EF4 / F4 | 38 mi | 3 |
| 1963-07-19 | 600 yd (0.34 mi) | EF1 / F1 | 14.4 mi | 0 |
| 2019-06-13 | 580 yd (0.33 mi) | EF1 / F1 | 4.6 mi | 0 |
How to Read the Maryland Tornado Map
- Year filter: The map opens with all Maryland tornado tracks from 1950 to 2024 loaded. Use the Year dropdown to focus on a single season — useful for revisiting a notable outbreak.
- Track color: Lines are colored by EF / F rating. Stronger tornadoes use warmer colors and thicker lines. The legend in the bottom-right of the map shows the full key.
- Track popups: Click any track to see the date, rating, path length in miles, path width in yards, and the fatality and injury totals from NOAA’s damage survey.
- Reset view: If you pan or zoom away, click the Reset to Maryland button in the controls bar to refit the map to the state.
Maryland Tornado FAQ
When is tornado season in Maryland?
Based on 1950–2024 records, the three most active months for Maryland tornadoes are July, June, May. July alone accounts for 20% of all recorded Maryland tornadoes. Activity outside this window is possible but uncommon.
How does Maryland rank for tornado activity?
Maryland recorded 409 tornadoes from 1950 through 2024 in NOAA’s database. Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Florida, and Nebraska are typically the top five states by total tornado count, while Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee record higher per-tornado fatality rates due to nighttime tornadoes and population exposure.
What is the difference between EF and F ratings?
The original Fujita Scale (F0–F5) was used from the 1970s through January 2007 and rated tornadoes on observed damage. The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF0–EF5) replaced it in February 2007 with refined damage indicators that more accurately link wind speeds to structural failure modes. Both rating systems share the same ordinal levels, which is why you see them paired in the map legend and tables.
Why do older tornadoes show fewer details?
NOAA records improve substantially after the 1990s, when Doppler radar coverage expanded and damage-survey methodology was standardized. Before then, weak tornadoes in rural parts of Maryland often went undetected, ratings were assigned retroactively from limited damage reports, and path widths and lengths were estimated rather than surveyed in detail. The dataset is most reliable for the strong tornadoes that caused damage worth investigating.
Related Resources
- Maryland Severe Storm Reports — same NOAA database viewed as point events: tornado, hail, and damaging wind reports across Maryland.
- US Tornado Tracks Map — the full national map for cross-state and outbreak comparisons.
- NOAA Storm Reports Interactive Map — every reported tornado, hail, and wind event nationwide.
Data Source
All counts and event details are pulled live from NOAA’s Storm Prediction Center tornado database, published by NOAA and Esri as a public ArcGIS Feature Service. The database covers all known US tornadoes from 1950 through December 30, 2024, and is updated annually after post-season verification by the National Weather Service.
