How to Create a 3D Printable Model from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

This guide will walk you through the steps to generate an STL file using QGIS and a DEM, which can then be modified and printed.

Step 1: Download the Digital Elevation Model

To start, you need to obtain a DEM. You can find available datasets through various online platforms. For this tutorial, we will focus on selecting a specific area of interest.

Once you have accessed the data portal, zoom in on the region you want to select. Use the selection tool to draw a bounding box around your area of interest. After selecting your area, the system will display the available datasets.

Step 2: Choose the Right Data Format

Your next task is to choose the appropriate data format. Generally, a GeoTIFF format is recommended for DEMs. Make sure to select the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) layer type, which is suitable for creating 3D models.

After that, submit your request, and the system will process your job. You will receive an email notification once your DEM is ready for download.

Step 3: Prepare Your DEM in QGIS

Once you have downloaded your DEM, open it in QGIS, a free GIS software available at QGIS Web Site. Start by creating a new project and importing your DEM file.

To enhance visibility, duplicate your layer and apply a hillshade effect to better visualize the terrain features. This will assist in making selections for 3D printing.

Step 4: Install the DEMto3D Plugin

Next, you need to install the DEMto3D plugin, which allows you to export your DEM as an STL file. Navigate to the Plugins menu, find the DEMto3D plugin, and install it.

Step 5: Set Up the 3D Model Parameters

In the DEMto3D menu, ensure your DEM layer is selected. You will have options to set the print extent, which can be either the full extent of the DEM or a custom-drawn extent around the area you want to print.

Define the model size by setting the spacing, width, and height. It’s crucial to adjust these settings according to your 3D printer’s capabilities. Once everything is set, click on “Export to STL” to generate your 3D model.

Step 6: Edit Your Model in 3D Builder

After exporting, you can open your STL file in 3D Builder, a free tool available at the Microsoft Store. Here, you can make adjustments, such as scaling, rotating, and adding text to your model.

To engrave text, select your model, open the edit tab, and use the emboss feature to add location information. Make sure to set the Z value appropriately to ensure the text is engraved rather than embossed.

Step 7: Prepare for 3D Printing

If you have access to a 3D printer, you can directly import your model into the printing software. If you don’t have a printer, consider using an online service like Craftcloud, where you can upload your STL file and receive quotes for printing.

FAQs

What is a Digital Elevation Model (DEM)?

A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a 3D representation of a terrain’s surface, created from terrain elevation data.

Can I use any GIS software to create a 3D model from a DEM?

While there are various GIS software options available, this guide focuses on using QGIS due to its robust features and free availability.

What should I do if my DEM has too much white space when printed?

You can adjust your bounding box selection in the DEMto3D plugin to minimize white space and focus on the relevant terrain features.

Where can I find pre-made DEMs?

You can explore the OpenLandform Catalog for pre-made DEMs that you can use for your projects.

By following these steps, you can successfully generate a 3D printable model from a DEM and bring your geographical data to life!